Record West Nile virus infections raise travel risk across Europe

Europe’s record West Nile virus (WNV) season is expanding the geographical footprint of a mosquito-borne disease, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).

As of 7 October, European Union (EU) countries had reported 1,715 locally acquired human infections – the highest number on record – and 130 deaths. Italy remains the most affected country, with 748 cases, while Greece and France have both recorded their highest-ever annual totals.

The virus is also moving into new territory. The Netherlands has reported 59 human cases this year, while Belgium has recorded 15, its first locally acquired human infections. ECDC expects the northward spread to continue in the coming years.

Despite the record case numbers, there is currently no indication of increased disease severity. The proportions of patients hospitalised, developing neurological symptoms or dying remain below levels observed over the previous decade.

The changing distribution of WNV reinforces the importance of monitoring emerging health risks beyond traditional hotspots, particularly when supporting travellers in unfamiliar destinations.

Ole Heuer, Head of Unit at ECDC, said: “Earlier detection, greater awareness, and effective mosquito control can help us reduce the impact of the virus as it spreads to new areas.”

Although conditions for transmission are becoming less favourable as summer ends, further infections are expected in the coming weeks.

ECDC recommends sustained surveillance, coordinated mosquito control, and use of personal protection, including repellents and long clothing worn during evening and nighttime hours. Older adults and people with weakened immune systems face a greater risk of severe illness.